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Convair B-36 Peacemaker
The Convair B-36 "Peacemaker" was a strategic bomber built by Convair and operated solely by the United States Air Force (USAF) from 1949 to 1959. The B-36 was the largest mass-produced piston engine aircraft ever made. It had the longest wingspan of any combat aircraft ever built at 230 ft (70.1 m). The B-36 was the first bomber capable of delivering any of the nuclear weapons in the U.S. arsenal from inside its four bomb bays without aircraft modifications. With a range of and a maximum payload of , the B-36 was the world's first manned bomber with an unrefueled intercontinental range. The B-36 was the primary nuclear weapons delivery vehicle of the Strategic Air Command (SAC) until it was replaced by the jet powered Boeing B-52 Stratofortress (which first became operational in 1955). The B-36 set the standard for range and payload for subsequent U.S. intercontinental bombers.
==Development==
The genesis of the B-36 can be traced to early 1941, prior to the entry of the United States into World War II. At the time it appeared there was a very real chance that Britain might fall to the Nazi "Blitz", making a strategic bombing effort by the United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) against Germany impossible with the aircraft of the time.〔("Convair XB-36 Factsheet." ) National Museum of the United States Air Force. Retrieved: 15 May 2010.〕 The United States would need a new class of bomber that could reach Europe from bases in North America,〔Taylor 1969, p. 465.〕 necessitating a combat range of at least , the length of a Gander, Newfoundland–Berlin round trip. The USAAC therefore sought a bomber of truly intercontinental range,〔Johnson 1978, p. 1.〕〔Jacobsen and Wagner 1980, p. 4.〕 similar to the Nazi RLM's own ultra-long-range ''Amerika Bomber'' program.
Roughly a year before the German RLM first received the paperwork for the ''Amerika Bomber'' trans-Atlantic strategic bomber design competition, the USAAC opened up a similar, and even more demanding design competition for an American trans-oceanic ranged strategic bomber design competition on 11 April 1941, asking for a top speed, a cruising speed, a service ceiling of , beyond the range of ground-based anti-aircraft fire, and a maximum range of at .〔Winchester 2006, p. 49.〕 These proved too demanding — far exceeding the technology of the day — for any short-term design,〔 so on 19 August 1941 they were reduced to a maximum range of , an effective combat radius of with a bombload, a cruising speed between , and a service ceiling of ,〔 above the maximum effective altitude of all of Nazi Germany's anti-aircraft ''Flak'' guns, save for the rarely deployed 12.8 cm FlaK 40 heavy ''Flak'' cannon.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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